张裕钊酷爱书法，由魏晋六朝之书法而上窥汉隶，通过数十年的揣摩钻研，尽得汉魏人用笔真谛，并融合北碑的高浑、唐碑的整肃而自成一家。他以为“汉人用笔，莫不中锋，此法至唐代尚能保存。宋代以后，则古法失传，多用偏锋，高浑遒劲的字就少见了。”清末刘熙载、钱葆青诸人都高度评价张氏的书法，尤其是康有为，更称赞“其书法高古深穆。点画转斩，皆绝痕迹而得态，逋峭特甚。其神韵皆晋宋人得意处，甄晋陶魏，孕宋梁而育齐隋，千年以来无与比”^{[13]（p119-120）}。由于康有为的誉扬，张氏的书法一度在国内很有影响。

张裕钊的文章和书法还驰名日本。除前述他与冈千仞（鹿门）的文章酬答、诗歌唱和之外，他与宫岛父子的交往也促进了中国文化的对外传播。原来黎庶昌出使日本时，张氏长子张沆作为随员同行，在日本结识宫岛栗香（诚一郎）、宫岛彦（咏士）父子，宫岛彦遂在他二十岁时来到中国，整整七年时间一直追随张裕钊学习汉文和书法，师生情同父子。直到张裕钊去世后，宫岛彦才回日本，创立善邻书院，教授汉文和书法。宫岛既得张氏书法真传，而张氏书法在日本通过宫岛的弘扬传播，已俨然成为一大流派。善邻书院至今犹在，前任院长是宫岛彦之孙宫岛吉亮，他曾在1984、1985年两次组织书法代表团访问中国，在北京和武汉举办“张裕钊、宫岛咏士书法联展”。

[参考文献]

[1] 费行简. 近代名人小传[Z]. 台北：文海出版社影印本，1980年.

[2] 张裕钊. 日本冈鹿门千仞藏名山房文钞序[A]. 濂亭文集[C]. 浙江：海宁查氏光绪刻本. 卷一.

[3] 张裕钊. 送张振轩宫保还粤东治所序[A]. 濂亭文集[C]. 卷二.

[4] 张裕钊. 养浩堂诗集序[A]. 濂亭文集[C]. 卷二.

[5] 张裕钊. 张濂卿先生诗文稿. 台北：文海出版社手迹影印本，1980年.

[6] 张裕钊. 曾劼刚侍郎五十寿序[A]. 濂亭文集[C]. 卷二.

[7] 张裕钊. 南宫县学记[A]. 濂亭文集[C]. 卷五.

[8] 张裕钊. 夏润之孙桐之母姚宜人六十寿序[A]. 濂亭文集[C]. 卷二.

[9] 张裕钊. 策莲池书院诸生[A]. 濂亭文集[C]. 卷三.

[10] 张裕钊. 劝戒浅语序[A]. 濂亭文集[C]. 卷一.

[11] 张裕钊. 辨司马相如封禅文[A]. 濂亭文集[C]. 卷一.

[12] 赵尔巽. 清史稿. 北京：中华书局，1977年.

[13] 朱九如. 武昌先生——张裕钊[A]. 武昌文史（第二辑）. 1986年.

[14] 张舜徽. 清人文集别录[Z]. 北京：中华书局，1980年.

[15] 张裕钊. 濂亭遗诗. 浙江：海宁查氏光绪刻本，卷一.

[16] 张裕钊. 濂亭遗诗. 浙江：海宁查氏光绪刻本，卷二.

On Zhang Yu-Zhao’s solicitude of political situation and

characteristic of literary

LUO Fu-hui

(Institute of Modern Chinese History Research Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079)

Abstract: As a litterateur, poet and calligraphist in later dynasty, Zhang-yuzhao paid his attention to the political situation. He had his own thought on the political situation of world and rescuing China. What he worried deeply about was stick-in-the-mud of Chinese and performing one’s duty in a perfunctory manner. He was a factualism and paid regard to persons with ability. Especially, he stressed on improving style of study and reforming ethos of society in the aspect of education. He thought that the sense was principal part of literature, so-called ‘word’, ‘tone’, and ‘syntax’were adminicle of literature. Therefore, his articles are penetrating and the words are simple and unsophisticated. His writing always became indifferent of fame and gain, and expressed his worry and indignation. All of above fact indicated that he was concerned about the crisis of nation and Chinese sufferings.

Key words: Zhang Yu-zhao, solicitude of political situation, characteristic of literary